Resources

Consult Core Econ’s Fact checker for a detailed list of sources.

Exercises

Figures

Figure 1: Share of the workforce that is self-employed in selected countries (2021–2022), ordered according to GDP per capita (lowest to highest).
Figure 2: Informal enterprise and informal employment.
Figure 3: Principal types of employment in a dual economy.
Figure 4: Reversal of structural change in India during COVID-19: Percentage of men and women engaged in agricultural work (top panel) and percentage of men and women engaged in self-employment (bottom panel).
Figure 5: A schematic representation of the transfer of labour envisioned by Arthur Lewis.
Figure 6: Productivity and wages in the informal and capitalist sectors.
Figure 7: Technical change and economic growth in a dual economy.
Figure 8: A comparison of the capitalist and the informal sector.
Figure 9: India: agricultural employment share compared to self-employment share.
Figure 10a: Trends in the GDP share of agriculture (1819–2016).
Figure 10b: Trends in the share of employment in agriculture (1800–2010).
Figure 10c: Trends in the GDP share of manufacturing (1800–2010).
Figure 10d: Trends in the share of employment in manufacturing (1800–2010).
Figure 10e: Trends in the GDP share of services (1800–2016).
Figure 10f: Trends in the share of employment in services (1800–2010).
Figure 11: Share of agriculture in GDP and employment for India and China (1990–2022).
Figure 12: A schematic representation of a Tirupur garment supply chain.
Figure 13: Transitions in type of employment across a period of six years in India.
Figure 14: Distribution of wage employment among caste groups (SC = Scheduled Castes, ST = Scheduled Tribes, OBC = Other Backward Class).
Figure 15: Representation Index of firm ownership among social groups in India, by firm size.